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Divine Comedy, Cary's Translation, Paradise
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This was required reading for a graduate course in medieval history.
"The Divine Comedy" describes Dante's journey through Hell (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio), and Paradise (Paradiso), guided first by the Roman epic poet Virgil and then by Beatrice, the subject of his love and another of his works, "La Vita Nuova." While the vision of Hell, the Inferno, is vivid for modern readers, the theological niceties presented in the other books require a certain amount of patience and scholarship to understand. Purgatorio, the most lyrical and human of the three, also has the most poets in it; Paradiso, the most heavily theological, has the most beautiful and ecstatic mystic passages in which Dante tries to describe what he confesses he is unable to convey (e.g., when Dante looks into the face of God: "all'alta fantasia qui mancò possa" - "at this high moment, ability failed my capacity to describe," Paradiso, XXXIII, 142).
Dante wrote the Comedy in his regional dialect. By creating a poem of epic structure and philosophic purpose, he established that the Italian language was suitable for the highest sort of expression, and simultaneously established the Tuscan dialect as the standard for Italian. In French, Italian is nicknamed la langue de Dante. Publishing in the vernacular language marked Dante as one of the first (among others such as Geoffrey Chaucer and Giovanni Boccaccio) to break from standards of publishing in only Latin or Greek (the languages of Church and antiquity). This break allowed more literature to be published for a wider audience - setting the stage for greater levels of literacy in the future.
Readers often cannot understand how such a serious work may be called a "comedy". In Dante's time, all serious scholarly works were written in Latin (a tradition that would persist for several hundred years more, until the waning years of the Enlightenment) and works written in any other language were assumed to be comedic in nature. Furthermore, the word "comedy," in the classical sense, refers to works which reflect belief in an ordered universe, in which events not only tended towards a happy or "amusing" ending, but an ending influenced by a Providential will that orders all things to an ultimate good. By this meaning of the word, the progression of Dante's pilgrim from Hell to Paradise is the paradigmatic expression of comedy, since the work begins with the pilgrim's moral confusion and ends with the vision of God.
The Divine Comedy can be described simply as an allegory: Each canto, and the episodes therein, can contain many alternate meanings. Dante's allegory, however, is more complex, and, in explaining how to read the poem (see the "Letter to Can Grande della Scala"), he outlines other levels of meaning besides the allegory (the historical, the moral, the literal, and the anagogical). The structure of the poem, likewise, is quite complex, with mathematical and numerological patterns arching throughout the work, particularly threes and nines. The poem is often lauded for its particularly human qualities: Dante's skillful delineation of the characters he encounters in Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise; his bitter denunciations of Florentine and Italian politics; and his powerful poetic imagination. Dante's use of real characters, according to Dorothy Sayers in her introduction to her translation of "L'Inferno", allows Dante the freedom of not having to involve the reader in description, and allows him to "[make] room in his poem for the discussion of a great many subjects of the utmost importance, thus widening its range and increasing its variety."
Dante called the poem "Comedy" (the adjective "Divine" added later in the 16th century) because poems in the ancient world were classified as High ("Tragedy") or Low ("Comedy"). Low poems had happy endings and were of everyday or vulgar subjects, while High poems were for more serious matters. Dante was one of the first in the Middle Ages to write of a serious subject, the Redemption of man, in the low and vulgar Italian language and not the Latin language as one might expect for such a serious topic.
Paradiso
After an initial ascension (Canto I), Beatrice guides Dante through the nine spheres of Heaven. These are concentric and spherical, similar to Aristotelian and Ptolemaic cosmology. Dante admits that the vision of heaven he receives is the one that his human eyes permit him to see. Thus, the vision of heaven found in the Cantos is Dante's own personal vision, ambiguous in its true construction. The addition of a moral dimension means that a soul that has reached Paradise stops at the level applicable to it. Souls are allotted to the point of heaven that fits with their human ability to love God. Thus, there is a heavenly hierarchy. All parts of heaven are accessible to the heavenly soul. That is to say all experience God but there is a hierarchy in the sense that some souls are more spiritually developed than others. This is not determined by time or learning as such but by their proximity to God (how much they allow themselves to experience him above other things). It must be remembered in Dante's schema that all souls in Heaven are on some level always in contact with God.
Recommended reading for anyone interested in literature and medieval history.
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F. Scott Fitzgerald's the Great Gatsby (Barron's Book Notes)
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I loved The Great Gatsby when I first read it in high school English class, and I still love it today. I reread it about once a year, and I never fail to be impressed by F. Scott Fitzgerald's use of language. Quotes like this - "Can't repeat the past?" he cried incredulously. "Why of course you can!" - are just classic.
The Great Gatsby is a story abut Jay Gatsby's quest to track down the girl he loved in his youth, and his inability to come to grips with the path her life has taken in the interim. It also follows narrator Nick Carroway, Gatsby's neighbor for a summer. But most of all it is a story about the American dream - about love, money and ambition - and a slice of life in the 1920s, full of wild parties and glamour and tradgedy.
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Pride and Prejudice (Lake Illustrated Classics, Collection 5) for $3.60
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Read this, and then re-read this. You will see elements to most every romance novel, play and movie produced since this work was published. If you're a bit obsessive, you may even become an Austenite, seeking P&P rewrites, continuations, movies derived from it, etc. My faves of these are Bridget Jones's Diary (the first book and movie), The Bar Sinister (book continuation), and Lost in Austen (movie). There are TONS of these types of adaptations and explorations of the original novel, and for good reason: it is excellent.
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Manufacturers have to build close to functional foods
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I met the other day with an ice cream executive. We were talking about marketing and what not with food today. He has an ice cream shop and is the best friend a guy who has a Jamba Juice. He said the fastest Jamba Juice Up and Coming in the U.S. market because it "offered to health". "How can I compete with that?"
Producers begin their food more functional, time! Gelato is the best kept secret in the world of ice. Gelato is lower inFat, and if you're a natural, low glycemic sweetener, is a wonderful treatment that will not be back on track you or your children later in life.
Jamba Juice can provide dietary fiber and whole fruits, vegetables, even in rough form, the much better and more functional in the fight against diseases such as McDonald's ... shakes obviously a better and healthier choice, but not far to compromise if it is in talks with the children and their taste buds.
I offered some of these executives and business-consultingProperties ... develop your products with less fat and low glycemic sweeteners such as natural or SweetR Sugar Original Blend Gourmet. Put your product in bags that are not only delicious, but rich in protein and fiber as FlourBlend. Put a function in the goodies available to the public.
I had to laugh when the owner, said: "With the obesity problem in this country, is a bit 'difficult to Encourage them to come into ice cream!" Then a functional! Treat Ice does not save the market for soups or salads need something to sell his passion, but they can in their function in the menu to add.
I had an uncle who is very healthy. When I said I was the development of alternatives to processed foods, all natural and low glycemic were said ... "They should also not to think about alternatives to these people, they just need to consume these products to stop!" I told him I'm a mom, so I understand howis difficult to compete with the food industry and peer pressure. I found a much better way then to dictate compromise.
I cook with whole wheat flour and put a lot of fiber. I replace it with pureed plums, fat and some of our butter Blend the thyroid and metabolism (But chef influences and tastes like butter!). I know a lot of compromises in the kitchen to give my family the taste they want, can manage the structure and function that I have to question theirHealth.
My children do not eat ice cream ... eat ice cream, homemade, with real fruit and sweetener with low glycemic index (SweetR and Sugar Blend). If you get a cone, is the old fashioned way with whole grains and flour ... Mother goes to the taste of homemade ice cream even more. You do not get ice cream cakes every day, maybe a cone every few weeks, do not eat every day ... but if they do get treated, I make sure that it works in their bodies so that they are healthy and strong.
The Well-Trained Mind: A Guide to Classical Education at Home (Third Edition) for $25.40
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I am a young parent based in Lagos, Nigeria. While I have been bothered with the quality of education in my own immediate enviroment, I have always been thinking about how my kids education will be world class and alas I found TWMT on Amazon, bought and read it and eversince then I have been consulting it and I've even recommended it to friends.
TWMT teaches you how to educate your child from age zero upto adulthood and the good thing is that the methodology is borderless and alot of the recommended literature readings in the book are readily available,even in Lagos for as low as .
For me and my family this book as given us key information about education:
1. Rote learning is better and easier done between ages 0 to 10; 2.Short 15-45 minutes consistent classes on daily/weekly basis of any subject is enough to master a subject over a period of 12 years; 3. It intorduced the concept of developing a reader in a child by recommending a jewel of a book "The Read Aloud Handbook" by Jim Trelease; 4. The Authors' keep a very active online forum based on TWMT [...];5. The Authors' are very responsive to your challenges even for someone like me in Lagos, Nigeria,they still responded to my family's educational challenge by profering a solution that actually worked after i mailed them on an observation.
Lastly, for those that think the system is rigid, please you don't need to follow the methodology to detail, kindly adapt to your family's challenges. And if you think it's too Language/History focused then you can get curriculum books by "Bernard Nebel" as they are science focused to use along with this "Lost but found Treasure of a book".
Good enough this book is Eurocentric but then you can replace it with titles that are from your own geographical location and faith inclination i.e. I have a list of classic Islamic books to use with my kids based on the prestine Islam for religious studies and I also keep a list of African Writers' Series by Heinemann to use for my kids at the appropriate time along with some of the other classic books recommended in TWMT. May be your bilingua interest isn't Greek, Latin... like in my case then make do with your interest(s) i.e. Arabic and Yoruba Languages in my family's case.
CAVEAT: TWTM will not make your kids people of letters alone, as Bob, Jessie's first child is a software architect, Susan is a Prof. of Literature & Writing and the 3rd child is a Police officer.
So if you want a qualitative and quantitative education for your kids then get this "Treasure of a book".
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